The Weisberg Collection

While looking up some names from articles in Studies in Intelligence, I ran into another interesting on-line resource: the Harold Weisberg Archive, hosted at Hood College in Frederick, Maryland. When a number of CIA names kept turning up at the Archive, I decided to take a look at it.  It turns out to be a huge collection, with some very interesting material.

Harold Weisberg was one of the many people who quickly became convinced, following the assassination of President John Kennedy in 1963, that Lee Harvey Oswald might not have been the killer, and/or that the assassination might have involved more than one person.  Weisberg was apparently first off the mark in writing a book denouncing the Warren Commission’s report on the assassination.

His book, Whitewash, was published in March 1965, a remarkably fast 6 months after the Commission published the 26 volumes of evidence and testimony it collected.  At the same time, he began collecting a huge assortment of documents relating to the assassination, which now form the basis of the Archive site.

During the rest of the 1960s, Weisberg went on to write a whole “Whitewash” series, almost all self-published.  He was an enthusiastic participant in Jim Garrison’s investigation of the assassination, but later came to see Garrison as a fraud.  Moving on from Garrison, but not the assassination, Weisberg was an early advocate of using the Freedom of Information Act to get at restricted records, and the lawsuits he filed throughout the 70s and 80s make up a big part of the Archive.

Weisberg was considerably older than most (but not all) of the crowd looking into the assassination; he was 50 the year Kennedy was killed.  He thus came from a quite different background than the other writers on the assassination, such as Mark Lane and Edward Epstein, and it turns out that he had personal reasons to suspect government misconduct both in the assassination and in the investigation; he was fired from a State Department position in the late 1940s as a suspected Communist.

He also brought investigative skills and tactics to the JFK assassination which were honed in the 1930s, when he worked for the La Follette Committee investigating union busting activities, and in the 1940s, when he did free lance investigative writing for magazines such as Click and Picture.  Apparently he had a brief spell in the OSS as a Latin American analyst, which led to his State Department position, but I haven’t yet found the records for this part of the story.

In other ways, though, Weisberg seems to have been typical of the assassination buff. He was an inveterate newspaper clipper and letter writer, and these make up a huge part of the Archive. The newspaper clippings, in addition to assassination related material, focus on the CIA, Vietnam, and Watergate, which is why the Archive kept showing up in my searches.

The letters are often very cryptic to me, since my knowledge of the assassination is close to zero.  From what I do understand, Weisberg comes off as highly opinionated and irascible. His letters are full of blunt comments often aimed directly at his correspondents, who seem to have included most of the major assassination buffs.  His invective doesn’t have the cruel, multi-faceted edge of the “great masters of vituperation”, such as Baron Corvo, but if you’re looking for straight denunciation of hare-brained stupidity, he’s got it.  One thing you won’t find though; any admission of ever having been wrong himself.  Or maybe I just haven’t come to those letters yet.

Weisberg died in 2002. For several years before his death he had been negotiating with Hood College, located near his home in Frederick, Maryland, to donate his 60 (!) filing cabinets of assassination related material after his death.  The Archive website is proof that Hood did not just chuck everything in the library basement.

Posted in History, Research methods | Comments Off on The Weisberg Collection

Notes on Studies in Intelligence

I’ve read a bit more from and about Studies in Intelligence, the CIA’s in-house intelligence journal (not that much, put down that blindfold and cigarette).  A few random notes on this for today.

The most interesting discovery was the SI article ‘Fifty Years of Studies in Intelligence by Nicholas Dujmovic.  This article answered many of the questions I had after careful research in SI‘s back issues (e.g., “Rita Kronenbitter” was a man, not a woman), but it also beat me to the punch, publishing some of the discoveries I had made in my own in-depth research (e.g. the journal changed page format in 1972).  The list of chief editors, the overview of trends in article topics, and the description of the evolution of SI’s unclassified section, along with second thoughts about whether it’s a good idea for SI to develop a readership among the general public (my hand is up) are all well worth a read.

Another interesting article from a very different perspective is by Jeffrey Richelson at George Washington University’s National Security Archive, Studies in Intelligence: New Articles from The CIA’s In-House Journal.’ The Archive is an academic project by several researchers who have banded together to pry open as many government filing cabinets as the Freedom of Information Act allows. Richelson has been working on getting SI articles declassified for some time; this article presents some of his finds as well as some carefully documented complaints about CIA failures to comply with the spirit, and sometimes the letter, of the FOIA.  The article was originally posted June 4, 2013, with 19 newly declassified articles.  A revised version was posted November 20, 2014 with seven additional articles after the Jeffrey Scudder case concluded (see Washington Post, July 4, 2014, “CIA employee’s quest to release information ‘destroyed my entire career.'”)

If you are looking here for trivia on SI, an overview of its content, or a critique of its value, you are definitely looking in the wrong place; that is not the sort of thing the Archive usually does. Instead, the focus is on what articles SI has not been willing to release, and why their decisions are often arbitrary, inconsistent, and just plain wrong headed.  Fair enough, especially since Richelson, unlike Dujmovic, has only a carefully redacted copy of SI’s table of contents to date.  And as Richelson notes, the copy they gave him is about 130 titles shorter than the copy they gave another group, who used litigation to get it, rather than a polite FOIA request.

Certainly there is much confusion about what has been declassified and what has not. Tracing down when where and how articles were declassified and made publicly available might be interesting in this respect. Dujmovic has actually made a start on this, but for the fan of the truly trivial, no doubt there is a lot more to be done.

Posted in History, Intelligence | 1 Comment

Welcome to the 2016 spring semester

A new semester is starting, and I’ll be teaching some general education classes that I haven’t taught for a while.  Hope these are interesting for all of you who decided to enroll, I’m looking forward to meeting you!

Posted in School | Comments Off on Welcome to the 2016 spring semester

End of semester is here

The fall semester of 2015 ends with a shiver! Grades are done and should be mailed to you on time this year. If you want a rough preview, check your Moodle class page grade report.

Enjoy the snow up on the peaks around school, but be sure to bundle up and drive carefully if you take your motorcycle out. See everyone next semester!

Posted in School | Comments Off on End of semester is here

Idle reading

I confess to reading stuff on the internet when I should be working. Before you drag me off and shoot me, try this site. What is this? It is a sortable index to every article that has been declassified from the CIA’s in house journal, Studies in Intelligence, now published as a quarterly. The sortable index (a state of the art web-page, done by someone appropriately anonymous) is usually several months out of date; if you want the latest issue, try here the official website, here. Although there are always dense, chunky articles on policy, or new ways of thinking about intelligence, Studies in Intelligence is also full of great bits of forgotten or obscure history, such as “A Cable to Napoleon” by Edwin Fishel, who is identified elsewhere in Studies as a retired NSA analyst.

Another great feature are the book reviews; each issue has several lengthy reviews of books and/or movies, all intelligence related of course, and “The Intelligence Officer’s Bookshelf,” a collection of thumbnail reviews by Hayden Peake. Peake is an acknowledged expert in intelligence history, and an expert at condensing bulky stuff into a few pithy comments. Reading Peake coolly take apart yet another unreliable collection of spy anecdotes is a pleasure comparable to reading that other great debunker of historical anecdote, Ramon Adams (Burs under the Saddle; a Second Look at Books and Histories of the West. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1964).

All in all, I rate Studies as a great return on the taxpayer dollars. Okay, now give me my blindfold and cigarette.

Posted in History, Intelligence, Research methods | Comments Off on Idle reading

Original German text of Darkness at Noon found

Arthur Koestler’s novel Darkness at Noon, inspired by the Moscow show-trials of 1936-38, is one of the most important novels of the twentieth-century. Koestler originally wrote Darkness in German while he was living in Paris, supposedly between 1938 and 1939. It was translated into English by Daphne Hardy, an English sculptor Koestler was involved with at the time. Hardy’s translation was published in 1941, but Koestler’s German original was lost. When Darkness was later published in German, it was a back-translation from the English version.

Last month, however, the long-lost German original finally turned up in the Zurich Central Library. The text found was a typescript, with Koestler’s hand-written corrections on it, dated March 1940. The original German text is big news indeed. Darkness has been grossly under-estimated in German literature, partly because of the fact that the only edition available until now was a back-translation, partly because of its status as a central anti-Stalinist work. New and interesting work should come from this soon.

Posted in Literature | Comments Off on Original German text of Darkness at Noon found

A new semester’s greetings

A little late, but welcome to my students this semester! Looking forward to seeing you in class.

Posted in School | Comments Off on A new semester’s greetings

Fixing textwidth in vim

I have had several problems with my program editor Vim recently.  Here is how I fixed one of them.

There are two directories that I had to mess with:
c:\program files\vim [vim directory]
c:\users\rabbit [user directory]

the vim directory is the standard installation directory for vim in windows
the user directory is new with Windows 7, and is where you’re supposed to put config files for programs in the default installation location

When I first installed Vim 7.* on Windows XP, I put in some basic preferences in the vim directory, then promptly forgot what I had done. When I updated to new versions of Vim, these settings, such as textwidth, did not get wiped out, but instead kept on doing what I set them to do. Now that I’m on a new machine with windows 7, these modifications are gone.

Windows 7 now bans editing files in the c:\program files directory. This is supposed to improve security. This means I can’t just go into the vim directory and fix things. Instead I have to put all my config files in the user directory

This is not as simple as it sounds. One particular problem I have had is vim’s textwidth. Vim out of the box breaks lines at every 78 characters in text files. I tried just issuing the textwidth = command which should turn this off. It did not. I tried the windows way, using my old _vimrc config file from XP. This did not work. Why?

It turns out that I turned off line wrapping at the top of _vimrc file. But then I added something else, so that my _vimrc file looked like this:

set nowrap
source $VIMRUNTIME/vimrc_example.vim
source $VIMRUNTIME/mswin.vim
behave mswin

So why is it still wrapping? Why can’t I just turn it off by :set nowrap, or textwidth =
Because ….
The vimrc_example.vim file includes the following lines:

” For all text files set ‘textwidth’ to 78 characters.
autocmd FileType text setlocal textwidth=78

This turns wrapping back on for every new text buffer I open. I have found and forgotten this problem 3 times in the last year and a half, each time wasting as much as an hour! Definitely worth an entry here as a reminder.

To fix this, I copy only the stuff I want from vimrc_example straight into _vimrc, omit source $VIMRUNTIME/vimrc_example.vim, and voila, no more mysterious text wrapping.

Posted in Programming, Software | Comments Off on Fixing textwidth in vim

A Historical Relic?

I recently ran across the Qing Research Portal, a website which unfortunately has stopped updating. It offers the “ECCP Reader”, an electronic version of Hummel’s Eminent Chinese of the Ch’ing Period, but the Windows version is not available, so I can’t say much about it. There is also a small chunk of the text presented in html.

The page has an introduction to ECCP which left me feeling odd:

    For decades ECCP was the first reference for the Qing period for both undergraduates and for researchers. Unfortunately, [the commonly available Caves pirate reprints] were printed on paper of high acidic content, which has now deteriorated so severely that most of these books cannot be used on a frequent basis. A more important factor in the decline of ECCP as a seminal reference work was the fact that its transliteration system, Wade-Giles, fell out of active use after 1979 and is now all but indecipherable to undergraduate readers. There is, finally, the problem that ECCP was never revised or updated, despite many reprintings. As a consequence, the critically important scholarship on the Qing period that appeared after 1943 is not included.

My copy of ECCP is fine, for a 30+ year old book. (It was printed by Ch’eng Wen 成文, 1970.) Dartmouth’s copy might have problems, but surely that’s not going to affect a generation of American students. Lack of post war scholarship is undoubtedly the main problem with ECCP today. But scholarship is not like canned food; there’s no expiration date. And even after you know more than earlier writers did, you still need to know how you got where you are.

But it’s the comment on Wade-Giles romanization that really leaves me wondering. I’ve been grappling with the old China Inland Mission system for the last few months, so I’m painfully aware of how tough outdated transcription systems can be. But the CIM system was not based on the Beijing dialect that became the basis for modern Standard Chinese. It is an abstraction, a conglomeration of features that came from numerous guanhua dialects, including some that still preserve the entering tone, which it diligently marks, without giving you a hint of how it should actually be pronounced. Trying to find a word based on its pronunciation in Mandarin is thus often annoyingly difficult. Not so Wade-Giles, which is a transcription of what is now the standard language of China. Hummel’s use of Wade-Giles is moreover rigorously correct. There are errors, but the percentage is far lower than the average academic publication today.

What’s the story then? No doubt that in the phrase “indecipherable to undergraduate students”, the word undergraduate is very important. But undergraduate students simply have little use for ECCP. It is a research tool for not just graduate students, but anyone who wants to undertake serious scholarly study of the Qing dynasty. How then to understand “the decline of ECCP as a seminal reference work”?

To say that Wade-Giles ‘fell out of use after 1979’ is misleading, to say the least. I used it in my dissertation, defended in 1996. I would probably not use it today, but I certainly object to the suggestion that it would be reasonable, or in the slightest way acceptable, for a graduate student to ignore or dismiss my dissertation because it used Wade-Giles. Similarly, Wade-Giles or no Wade-Giles, ECCP is STILL an essential reference for Western students of the Qing dynasty. If Wade-Giles is indecipherable to American graduate students today, it’s a sad reflection on the instruction they’ve received.

Posted in History, Republican China, Research methods | Comments Off on A Historical Relic?

Words to live by

Language is the most massive and inclusive art we know, a mountainous and anonymous work of unconscious generations.

Edward Sapir,
Language, 1921.

Posted in Linguistics | Comments Off on Words to live by